SECOND ANNUAL
UNIVERSITY OF SCRANTON
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH CONFERENCE
FEBRUARY 8, 1986
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
9:00 - 9:45
Registration and coffee Poster
session (2nd Floor - Gallery)
9:45 - 10:00
Introduction and welcome (Room 119 -
Gallery)
10:05 • 11:45 Paper session: Health Psychology (Room 119 • Gallery)
Paper session: Experimental • Animal (Room 117 - Gallery)
11:45 -
12:45 Lunch
Poster session
(Pocono Northeast Room - 3rd Floor Gunster
Center)
12:45 - 1:45 Invited address: Andrew S. Bondy, Ph.D. Behavioral Analysis
and Treatment of Autistic Children.
Director of the Delaware Program for Autistic Children. (Pocono Northeast
Room - 3rd Floor Gunster Center)
2:00 • 3:40 Paper session: Cognitive • Developmental
(Room
117 -Gallery)
Paper session: Clinical - Social Psychology (Room 119 • Gallery)
3:45 - 5:45 Workshops:
Applying to Graduate School in
Professional Psychology (Room 119 - Gallery)
i Enhancing Academic Performance Through Stress
Reduction and Study Skills Training (Room 117 - Gallery)
Applications
Software
(Instructional/Research) (O'Hara Hall)
10:25 The EAT and EDI: Screening,
Interrelationships, and Psychometrics
MARIA
C. RACITI & LAURA M. I. SAUNDERS, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA.
This
study examined the screening utility, scale interrelationships, and psychometric properties of the
Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI). Nine percent and 8% of female college
freshmen (N=Z10) were identified
as weight-preoccupied according to the EAT and EDI, respectively. Both instruments demonstrated acceptable
levels of internal consistency and scale
intercorrelation. Cross-classification
analyses indicated 91% agreement between the total EAT score and the EDI
Drive for Thinness subscale. The screening potential
and multi-dimensional nature of the EDI are discussed.
10:45 Perceived
Levels of Stress/Anxiety and Their Effects on Blood Pressure Readings of Female
Restaurant Workers
CAROLYN
E. CROUL & SUSAN P. LUEK-KEEN, Millersville University, Millersville, PA.
Systolic
and diastolic blood pressure readings were measured before and during the work
shifts of female food service workers at two restaurants, one where time
pressure was high and the other
where time pressure was low. Blood pressure fluctuations were a function of neither
subjectively-identified stress/anxiety levels nor job-related time pressures.
11:05
Behavioral Correlates of Elevated Blood Pressure and Glucose #1.
A.
LEE HOXTER & WILLIAM MILEY, Richard Stockton State College, Ponoma, N.J.
Hypertension
is related to risk factors that may delineate, through statistical analysis,
differences between black and white populations in a current investigation.
11:25
Behavioral Correlates of Elevated Blood Pressure and Glucose #2.
A.
LEE HOXTER & WILLIAM MILEY, Richard Stockton State College, Pomona, N. J.
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Non-intrusive measures such
as biofeedback-assisted relaxation training
are now being investigated to assist in the control of medically destructive
diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
10:05 -
11:25 Experimental • Animal
Chair:
STEVEN L. COHEN, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Compound Conditioning of CS-Dependent
Responses.
10:05
MARK J. BOURNE, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
In
contrast to the findings of Rescorla (1970) and the theoretical predictions of Rescorla
and Wagner (1972), the present
study found that when two CS's (which produce two incompatible CR's) were given
excitatory conditioning, and then presented in compound followed by an
appetitive reinforcer, there was no decrement in either element. Rather, there was considerable facilitation to the
light CS, while the tone CS remained unchanged. Thus, a classical conditioning paradigm that employs two incompatible CR's may
follow different rules than more traditional Pavlovian paradigms.
10:25 Effect of
Age on the US Preexposure Effect in Conditioned Taste Aversion in Rats
WILLIAM VALLIERE, Susquehanna
University, Selinsgrove, PA.
Weanling
(21-24), young-adult (84-94), and old-age (674-695) rats of the Wistar strain
were used in an experiment that gave half of each age group preexposure to LiCl
and half no preexposure. Preexposed animals showed significantly greater
preference for saccharin than nonpreexposed animals and preference for
saccharin in the preexposed animals was inversely related to age.
10:45
Age-Differences in Ostentation And Overshadowing
CINDY S. PETERSON, Susquehanna
University, Selinsgrove, PA.
LiCl
was paired with saccharin or saccharin plus visual (light/color) cues for
weanling, young adult and old age rats.
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The visual
cues overshadowed taste in weanling rats and tended to potentiate the saccharin
aversion in young adults, but not old age rats. These findings are inconsistent
with current interpretations of compound conditioning and implicate age as an
important determinant of overshadowing and potentiation.
11:05 Opposing
Actions of Cimetidine on Naloxone-Sensitive and Naloxone-Insensitive Forms of Footshock-Induced Analgesia
KATHLEEN R.
GOGAS, LINDSAY B. HOUGH, STANLEY D. CLICK, & KAY SU,
Dept. of Pharmacology
and Toxicology, Albany Medical
College, Albany,
NY
The effects of the opiate antagonist naloxone and the histamine
H2-antagonist cimetidine were studied on the analgesia elicited by three currents of
continuous scrambled AC footshock. Results suggest a role for brain histamine as a
mediator of naloxone-insensitive analgesia and also suggest the possibility
that histamine may meditate hyperalgesic responses.
2:00 - 3:40 Cognitive - Developmental
Chair: J. CRAIG CLARKE, Penn State University, Wilkes-Barre
Campus 2:00 Representations within a
Problem Space in Children’s Problem Solving.
BRENDA WALL, DIANE CLARK, & WILLIAM REYNOLDS, Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA.
The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of mental
representations that children employed in solving problems. Particularly,
this study attempted to differentiate a limited mental representation from one
comprised of category knowledge. A sample of 20 kindergarten and 24 first
grade children
were tested using picture representations of animals. They were then asked
a list of 20 questions to separate the two types of representations.
2:20
Moral Reasoning and Self Concept in College Students.
SCOTT J. STRAUSBERGER & BARBARA A. LEWIS, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA.
The Tennessee Self Concept
Scale and the Defining Issues Test were administered to college students. A
t-test revealed that individuals with high
self concepts exhibited higher levels of moral thinking than those with
low self concepts. Relationships between moral reasoning and self concept may
become stronger as age increases.
2:40 Interpersonal Imitation and the Development
of Self-awareness in Infancy
SUZANNE G. FEGLEY, Rutgers
University, New Jersey
Consequences
of the emergence of self-awareness in infancy for social interaction were studied. Twenty infants, ages
thirteen to twenty-one months, were tested
for self-awareness and also videotaped in a free play situation with
their mothers. The results revealed that the
infants with self-awareness imitated a higher
percentage of their mother's actions in the free play situation than did infants without self-awareness.
3:00 Semantic
Priming Revisited.
R. W. BOHLANDER & DIANE HABERKERN,
Wilkes College. Wilkes Barre, PA.
This
experiment is a replication of McCauley et al. study of 1980. It is an attempt to prove that the phenomena of
semantic priming does occur. The first channel of a four channel tachistoscope
presents a fixation field. The second presents a priming stimulus of appropriate duration for the individual subject.
The third channel is a pattern mask and the fourth is the target stimulus. The subject's task is to name the stimulus.
3:20 Reliability and Factor Analysis of Two
Protestant Ethnic Scales. SANDRA
V.GONSALVES, Kean College of New Jersey, Union, NJ.
The
Mirels amd Garrett (1971) Protestant Ethic scale along with the Blood (1969) Pro-Protestant Ethic
scale were subjected to a principle component
factor analysis. Data from 283 research participants
yielded three factors on the Blood (1969) scale, while six factors emerged on the Mirels and Garrett
(1971) scale. Cronbach alphas of .38 and .73 were evidenced on the Blood (1969)
and the Mirels and Garrett (1971) scales respectively. Reliability coefficients for the genders on each of the scales
were also garnered.
2:00 - 3:40 Clinical
• Social
Chair: IRA B. GENSEMER, Geisinger Clinic
2:00 Therapy for the Therapist: A National Survey
of Clinical Psychologists.
DIANE S. KIRTLAND, University of
Scranton, Scranton, PA.
Clinicians
have often advocated personal therapy as being a useful tool for psychotherapists. The purpose
of this study is to collect basic self-report data on personal issues regarding the selection of personal therapists by 500
psychologists. Variables such as theoretic orientation, professional activities, characteristics
influencing the selection of personal therapists, and overall satisfaction with the therapy process will be analyzed. Very little research regarding this specific topic has been
generated. This study will promote
greater understanding of the purported value of personal therapy for therapists as it applies to promoting more insightful understanding of client problems.
2:20 Earliest
childhood memories: Relationships to gender, birth order, and family functioning.
LAURA
M. I. SAUNDERS & JOHN C. NORCROSS, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA.
A
person's earliest memory is of particular relevance in depicting one's fundamental attitude toward life
(Bruhn & Last, 1982). Out of the thousands of incidents in our childhood, we remember only those
that are congruent with our frame of reference (Fakoure & Hafner, 1984). This study will look at differences in the earliest childhood memories (ECMs) between males and females and between
first and later borns. It is also
hypothesized that participants impressions of their family will be reflected in the ECMs.
2:40 The Effect of
Learned Helplessness on Problem Solving and Affect.
ELLEN L. ROUSE &
KATHLEEN A. GREAVEN, Saint Thomas Aquinas College, Pearl River, NY.
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The
effects of learned helplessness on problem-solving ability and affect were
studied on college students, using unsolvable concept-formation cards. Differences were examined between
experimental and control groups on
variables of task performance, locus of control, and affect state. It
was predicted that the experimental subjects would
evidence poorer problem-solving ability, especially those subjects with
an external locus of control. Additionally, the generality of helplessness was expected to effect their subsequent affect state.
3:00 Personality Construct Theory and Repertory
Grid: Suggestions for New Ways to Study
Implicit Leadership Theory.
GERALD B1BERMAN, University of
Scranton, Scranton, PA.
Implicit
leadership theory has recently been advocated as a way of examining the dimensions of people's perceptions of
leadership. This paper suggests using George
Kelly's personal construct theory and repertory
grid technique to provide new insight into the implicit theories of leadership
held by leaders and their subordinates.
3:20 Androgyny and
Managers: A Study of Personality Characteristics
VICTORIA
SHIVY & GALEN L. BARIL, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA.
This
study investigated the relationship of psychological androgyny to various characteristics of managers. Most previous
research suggests that highly androgynous
persons should make the best managers. This notion was tested. Subjects
were candidates for the University's MBA degree. Those candidates who were
concurrently managers completed a verbal
exercise in addition to the test battery completed by all. Results of
both verbal and non-verbal data is discussed
in terms of current leadership theory.
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by three
currents of continuous scrambled AC footshock. Results suggest a role for brain histamine as a mediator of naloxone-insensitive
analgesia and also suggest the possibility that histamine may meditate
hyperalgesic responses.
2:00 • 3:40 Cognitive - Developmental
2:00
Representations within a Problem Space in Children’s Problem Solving.
BRENDA WALL, DIANE CLARK, & WILLIAM REYNOLDS, Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA.
The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of mental
representations that children employed in solving problems. Particularly, this study
attempted to differentiate a limited mental
representation from one comprised of category knowledge. A sample of 20
kindergarten and 24 first grade , children
were tested using picture representations of animals. They were then asked a
list of 20 questions to separate the two types of representations.
2:20
Moral Reasoning and Self Concept in College Students.
SCOTT J. STRAUSBERGER & BARBARA A. LEWIS, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA.
The Tennessee Self Concept Scale and the Defining Issues Test were administered to
college students. A t-test revealed that individuals with high self concepts exhibited
higher levels of moral thinking than those with low self concepts. Relationships between moral
reasoning and self concept may become stronger as age increases.
2:40 Interpersonal
Imitation and the Development of Self-awareness in Infancy
SUZANNE G. FEGLEY,
Rutgers University, New Jersey
Consequences of the emergence of self-awareness in infancy for social interaction
were studied. Twenty infants, ages thirteen to twenty-one months, were tested for
self-awareness and also videotaped in a free play situation with their mothers.
The results
revealed that the infants with self-awareness imitated a higher percentage of
their mother's actions in the free play
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3:45 - 5:45 Workshops
Applying to Graduate School in
Professional Psychology (Designed for those considering applying to graduate
programs in clinical, counseling and school psychology)
Chair: JOHN C. NORCROSS, University
of Scranton
Enhancing Academic Performance
Through Stress Reduction and Study Skills Training
Chairs: JAMES P.
BUCHANAN & THOMAS W. DECKER, University of Scranton
Applications Software
(Instructional/Research)
Chairs: GALEN L. BARIL, J.TIMOTHY CANNON, University of
Scranton, STEVEN L. COHEN, Bloomsburg
University of Pennsylvania
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1986 Conference Committee
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Faculty
Chair: J. Timothy Cannon,
Ph.D. Chairpersons: Maria C. Raciti C. Host
Committee: Jeff
Morrison |