Edmund M. Kosmahl, PT, EdD

Department of Physical Therapy - University of Scranton

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 GONIOMETRY WEB SITE

SHOULDER EXTENSION

 || Intro. || || Upper Ext. || || Lower Ext. || || Spine || || TMJ ||

 shoulder extension photo

Test Position

  • Subject prone
  • Shoulder no abduction, adduction or rotation
  • (note: to measure gleno-humeral motion, stabilize scapula)

 

Normal Range

(for shoulder complex flexion)

  • 62o  + or -  9.5o (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
  • 50o (American Medical Association)
  • 62.3o (mean), 9.5o (standard deviation), (Boone and Azen)

Goniometer Alignment

  • Axis – center of humeral head near acromion process
  • Stationary arm – parallel mid-axillary line
  • Moving arm – aligned with midline of humerus (lateral epicondyle)

Normal End Feel

  • Capsular or ligamentous

 || Intro. || || Upper Ext. || || Lower Ext. || || Spine || || TMJ ||

To First Goniometry Page

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