Xanthine
Stimulants
I. These include
1. caffeine
2. theophyline
3. theobromine
II. Coffee information
1. species are arabica & robusta
A. both native to
B. seed kernel (not bean)
C. found in medicines & food additives
2. small cup about
100 mg caffeine
III. Tea information
1. from bush (Thea sinensis)
2. types of tea
(black, oolong, green)
3. it has all 3 xanthines
IV. Chocolate information
1. first used by
native americans
V. Routes of administration
1. oral
2. rectal
suppository, IM, IV
VI. Absorption caffeine
1. cross placenta
found in milk
VII. Excretion caffeine
1. ½ life 3.5 hrs
2. slowed by alcohol
3. speeded by
broccoli, smoking
4. women metabolize
it faster
5. babies can’t
metabolize well
VIII. Effects caffeine
1. blocks adenosine
receptors
2. dilation of
bronchi of lungs
3. dilates blood vessel (except brain)
4. decrease muscle
fatigue
5. increase
metabolism, breathing
A. used to treat neonatal apnea
6. enhance
performance
A. perceptual tasks
B. athletic performance
7. reduced sleep
IX. Tolerance
1. tolerance to
sleep disruption
X. Withdrawal
1. head aches,
fatigue, irritability
XI. Harmful effects
1. reproduction
2. cardiac disease
3. cancer
4. fibrocystic
breast disease
5. heartburn
XII. High doses
1. 1800mg mania, confusion
2. death from 3-8
grams (pills or accidental IV)
A. almost impossible to die from beverage
consumption