Tobacco
I. History
1. nicotine named
after French ambassador
2. smoking primary
means of administration
3. snuffing
(sniffing)
4. tobacco chewing:
considered patriotic & American
II. Routes of administration
of nicotine
1. oral
administration
2. nose
3. lungs
A. cigarette has 8-9mg nicotine but only
1mg absorbed
B. depends on depth of inhalation
4. mouth
5. skin
III. Distribution &
excretion
1. found in urine,
sweat, saliva, & milk
2. ½ life 30 minutes
IV. Effects
1. most effect by
influencing acetylcholine
2. muscle tremors
3. blood vessel
constriction in skin
4. laxative effect
5. nausea
6. effects on mood
A. relaxation is reported
7. effects on
performance
A. enhance performance in monotonous tasks
B. driving
C. memory
V. Tolerance:
1. tolerance for
nausea
VI. Withdrawal: irritable,
weight gain, sleep problems, craving
1. most symptoms
gone in 1 month (except craving)
2. may have to smoke
15 daily
3. substitution may
help, even denicotinized cigarette
VII. Self Administration
1. high doses cause
hallucinations
2. tobacco chippers
3. most common after
meal
4. are certain
people more likely to smoke?
VIII. Why do people use tobacco
1. social reasons at
first
2. for reward & to avoid withdrawal
IX. Harmful effects
1. heart disease
2. lung disease
3. cancer
4. reproduction
5. environmental
tobacco smoke
X. Toxic & lethal dose
1. 40-60 mg is toxic (60mg has killed people)
XI. Possible benefits
XII. Treatments
1. behavior therapy
2. substitution: may
not block all withdrawal