CNS Stimulants

I. What types of drugs?

1. amphetamines (at least three)

A. dev. as a synthetic substitute for ephedrine

B. now used for narcolepsy & ADD

2. ephedrine

A. used to treat allergies, asthma, stay awake, energy

3. methylphenidate (Ritalin)

4. Cocaine

A. originally chewed by S.A. natives

B. Coca-Cola

C. Crack: concentrated cocaine

D. local anesthetic

II. Routes of administration

1. orally:

2. smoked, injected, or sniffed for recreational users

III. excretion

1. ½ life 7-34 hours for amphetamine

2. ½ life 40-90 minutes for cocaine

3. cocaine & metabolites found in users hair

IV. Effects

1. monoamine (e.g., DA, NE) agonists

2. activation of sympathetic nervous system

3. effects on sleep

4. effects on mood

5. stereotyped behavior (punding)

6. psychosis

7. performance

V. Tolerance

1. tolerance to cocaine rush

2. tolerance to appetite suppression

VI. Withdrawal

1. not severe or medically serious

2. depression, craving, eating

VII. Self administration

1. sporadic & often with other drugs

VIII. Harmful effects

1. growth velocity

2. tissue in nose if sniffed

3. paranoia

4. rotten teeth & sores (meth)

5. media reports heart and CNS problems

6. birth abnormalities?

IX. Overdose

1. muscle weakness

X. Treatment