Sport Drugs
I. Why are certain substances
banned?
1. they may cause
harm
2. violates state or
federal laws
3. violates organizational policies (e.g.,
IOC)
4. contaminates
performance results
II. Drugs that may enhance
performance
1. anabolic androgenic
steroids
A. synthetic derivatives of testosterone
B. taken to increase strength & power
C. possible side effects
D. stacking (pyramiding)
E. routes of administration
F. where do they come from
G. erythropoietin: an anabolic protein
2. human growth
hormone
A. thought to facilitate fat breakdown
B. advertised to promote youthfulness
C. possible adverse effects
3. stimulants banned
by the IOC
A. the amphetamines
a. endurance
increased fatigue reduced
b. increased
vigilance and attention
B. caffeine
a. banned by IOC
in 1984
b. helpful for
endurance events
4. narcotic (e.g.,
morphine) drugs in sport
A. relieve pain,
diminish inflammation, reduce fever,
B. harmful effects
gastrointestinal problems
5. beta-adrenergic
blockers
A. used in archery and shooting events
B. thought to slow the heart rate
6. diuretics
A. used to make weight
B. quickly flush
other illegal drugs out
7. depressents
(generally not helpful in sport)
A. to reduce anxiety and arousal
8. local
anesthetics: not banned by the IOC
A. to reduce pain
9. corticosteroids:
not banned by IOC
A. to
reduce pain and inflammation
10. blood doping
A. remove blood,
freeze it, infusing shortly before competition
B. to increase red-blood cell mass (oxygen
intake)
III. Amino acids and vitamins
1. creatine:
A. found in meat & fish
B. made in our own kidneys
C. thought to increase muscle & speed
2. androstenedione:
A. precursor to testosterone
IV. human
chorionic gonadotropin
A. secreted by placenta soon after
conception
B. made from urine of pregnant women
C. thought to facilitate wt. loss
D. under some circumstances stimulates
testosterone release