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Descriptive
Title:
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Anatomy
and Physiology
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Course
Number:
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Biology
201
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Credit
Value:
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3.0
(Lecture Only)
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Programs
serviced by course:
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Psychology;
Bioeducation; GE Natural Science Elective.
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Catalog Description:
(Prerequisite Biol 101) An introduction to the biochemical, cellular, tissue and organismal organization of selected body functions; structure in relation to function and quantitative relationships are emphasized. 3 hours (Lecture)
Times Offered: MWF 10:00 - 10:50
Office
Hours, Spring 2001 =T & Th 08:30-09:30
and by appointment
1.0 Course Title and Brief Description
Title: Anatomy and Physiology
Course Number: Biology 201
Credit Value: 3.0 (Lecture only)
Programs Serviced: Psychology, Secondary Education, General Education
Catalog Description:
(Prerequisite Biol 101) An introduction to the biochemical, cellular, tissue and
organismal organization of selected body functions; structure in relation to function and
quantitative
relationships are emphasized. 3 hours (Lecture only).
2.0 Course Objectives
Anatomy and Physiology is designed to meet the needs of an introductory course for non-science majors in the structure and function of the human body. The course examines organ systems, from the component organs, tissues, cells and cell products, and major biomolecules, together with a functional correlation of the structures involved. An objective of this course is for students to achieve a basic understanding of the nature of the human body and how it functions, and to apply basic biological principles learned in Biol 101 to achieve that understanding. It is not an objective of this course for students to achieve specific skills for preparing them for health care professions. It is an objective of this course for students to read, understand, apply and enjoy a knowledge of a variety of basic human body functions that are likely to be encountered in everyday and professional life.
The students are expected to learn fundamentals of how the human body functions by achieving a working knowledge of, and an understanding of, the basic body parts and their function and interrelationships. They must learn details of structure and function and must integrate the material in to the concept that the body is a single organism made of parts organized to perform vital functions. The emphasis must be on structural parts and functions and their relationships, similarities, and differences.
Another
objective is have students read critically media presentations concerning
human body news items. They will need to achieve an understanding that
allows critical evaluation of the scientific process (method), quantitative
and statistical presentations, and the significance of news items. For
this, items from the Tuesday edition of the New York Times
will be used.
2.01 General Course Goals After completing this course, students should understand and master:
1. Terminology commonly used to describe the body and the relationships among various parts.
2. Concepts concerning functions vital for life, including homeostasis.
3. Basic biochemistry, including the abundant biomolecules (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, nutrients) and theories of molecular interactions (Ph, osmosis, diffusion and active transport) and master the concepts of their functions in the human body.
4. Cells as the basic living structure and learning their components (organelles) and their functions.
5. The structure, location, and function of the four basic tissues (epithelium, muscle, nerve and connective), membranes, and glands.
6. Anatomical and functional characteristics of bone.
7. Structure and function of the skin and its derivatives.
8. Structure and function of muscle, particularly the molecular arrangements allowing shortening.
9. Organization of the nervous system and the neurophysiological basis for excitation, inhibition and neural integration; reflex arcs (voluntary and involuntary); sensory and motor integration; special senses.
10. Localization and characterization of endocrine glands and their products; fundamentals of regulation by internal secretions. Structures and functions of reproductive organs and germ cell formation; endocrinology of sex hormones, the menstrual, ovarian and uterine cycles, sexually transmitted diseases and contraception; gestation and early human development.
11. General characteristics of blood; microscopic and gross anatomy of the heart; events and regulation of the cardiac cycle and cardiac output; blood vessel structure and the physiology of circulation including basics of capillary exchange.
12. Structure and function of the lymphatic and immune systems; major organs, cells and cell products associated with passive and active immunity.
13. Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system.
14. Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs; processes of digestion and absorption.
15. Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, composition of urine, and processes and regulation of urine formation.
16.
Composition of the internal environment; tissues and organs involved in
maintaining internal constancy; composition of the major fluid compartments
including water/electrolyte/acid base balance.
3.0 List of topics to be addressed in Biol 201
A.Introductory Material
1.Biological Inquiry
a)Scientific Methods
b)Quantitative Reasoning: Data and its presentation
i. Graphics and Tables
2. Life's Diversity: Many species, much unity
3.Reference Systems - directions, planes, cavities, structural units
4.Units of measure
5.The body as a coordinated unit
6.Homeostasis
B.The Cell
1.Cell constituents and protoplasmic properties
2.Cell structure, organelles and their functions
3.Physiology of the cell
4.Cell reproduction
C.Tissues
1.Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous
D.Integumentary System (Skin)
1.Functions
2.Structure of epidermis and dermis
3.Skin appendages: hair, nails, glands
E.Skeletal System
1.Structure of Bone - Haversian System, marrow
2.Formation of Bone - types of formation
3.Maintaining Bone - physiology, fractures
F.Muscular System
1.Characteristics of muscle, general functions
2.Muscle Types - skeletal, smooth, cardiac
3.Physiology of Contraction
G.Nervou System
1.Divisions of the nervous system
2.Basic functions of the nervous system
3.Structure of nervous tissue - classes of neurons & glial cells
4.Physiological characteristics - Excitability, propagation, all-or-none principle, refractory period, synaptic conduction
5.Neural pathways - Reflex actions, reflex arcs
6.Aspects of the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System
H.Circulatory System
1.Blood - functions, formed elements & plasma
5.Neural and Chemical Control of Circulation
6.Lymphatic system
I.Respiratory System
1.External Respiration
2.Organs of Respiration
3.Blood Supply
4.Physiology of Respiration
a)Mechanics
b)Volume and capacities
c)Quantitative relationships: Pressure and flow in tubes of changing diameters
d)Gas transport - Dalton's Law, O2 & CO2 transport; Bohr effect; saturation curves
e)Control of Breathing
J.Digestive System
1.Basic Structure of the alimentary canal
2.Oral Cavity
3.Pharynx & Esophagus
4.Stomach
5.Small Intestine
6.Large Intestine
7.Absorption
8.Accessory Organs of Digestion
a)Pancreas
b)Liver
c)Gall bladder
9.Metabolism
K.Nutrition
1.Nutrients
a)Basics: Carbos, fats, proteins
b)Vitamins
c)Minerals
d)Essential nutrients
L.Fluids, Electrolytes, Nitrogenous Wastes
1.Distribution; movements of water and salts
2.Exchange of water & electrolytes (salts) with the external environment
3.Water & salt loss & intake, water & salt deficiency
4.Dehydration; excess water (Edema)
5.Kidneys - macro and microscopic structure, nephron unit, juxtaglomerular apparatus
6.Physiology of urine formation
a)Glomerular filtration rates (GFR)
b)Tubular reabsorption
c)Tubular secretion
d)Concentration of filtrate - countercurrent multiplier
7.Micturition - ureter, bladder, urethra
M.Endocrine System
1.General Introduction
a)Function
b)Hormone types
c)Mechanisms of action: Binding & Quantitative Physicochemical Relationships
d)Second messengers
e)Mechanisms of regulation - negative and positive feedback
2.Functions & characteristics of selected endocrine glands: pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, parathyroid, adrenal, ovary, testis
N.Reproductive System
1.Male Reproductive System
a)Structure and function of testis and accessory organs
2.Female Reproductive System
a)Structure and function of ovaries and accessory organs
b)Mammary glands; structure, function development
c)Ovarian cycle - control and function
d)Menstrual cycle - control and function
3.Pregnancy: Fetal membranes, parturition
4.Problems, regulation & control of reproduction
4.0 Assignments
The
students will be presented with a syllabus on the first day of classes
with dates, chapters, & page numbers of textbook topics to be read.
It is expected that the student will prepare for the appropriate class
by reading the material before it is discussed in class. In addition, outlines
of each topic are made available to the student. Specific assignments appropriate
to some topics will be put on reserve in the library or will require researching
topics in the library (e.g., finding, summarizing, and reporting data on
blood pressures).
5.0
Evaluation
5.01 TEXTBOOKS
A. Starr, C. (2000) Biology: A Human Emphasis 4th Ed., Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. ISBN 0-534-56324-4.
B. Jackson, J.D. and J.B. Taylor (2000) Study Guide and Workbook: An interactive approach. For Starr’s Biology. 4th Ed. Wadsworth, Albany, NY. 0-534-37270-8.
C.
Supplementary materials are provided as needed. These includes outlines
of lecture topics, ancillary reading materials (e.g., New York Times
or Scientific American articles), videos, & library material
on the shelves or on reserve. Supplementary materials are provided to support
and enhance the presentation and understanding of specific topics.
5.02 Course policies
A. Attendance: Attendance is essential for a successful course experience, but unexpected emergencies can occur. A student whose absences exceed six will have his/her grade lowered. Late arrival ( > fifteen minutes) is considered an absence. For each excessive absence (or equivalent, beyond six), the final grade will be lowered by one grade (e.g., from A to A-). I might change my mind on this policy at any time and this will be discussed on the opening day of classes.
B. Make-up Prelims I do administer make-up exams. If exused from an exam, your average will be determined from the exams one did take. If not excues from an exam, a zero will be used to calculate your average for each missed exam.
C. Plagiarism/Cheating:Appropriate collaboration is encouraged, but plagiarism and cheating will not be tolerated and will result in an automatic F for the course.
D.Possible Syllabus Addendum/Revision Students are responsible for any changes in the syllabus and lecture and prelim schedule during the semester. Changes will be orally communicated during class periods.
E.Decorum:
This
class is part of your professional development. Therefore, I encourage
professional demeanor and practices. Wearing of hats, interrupting the
class to leave the classroom during lectures/discussion, whispering amongst
classmates, etc. is discouraged. Habitual, non-professional actions will
negatively affect the subjective numerical of your grade (see below).
5.03 Grade Determinations & Examinations (Prelims)
Four (4) preliminary (prelim) exams will be administered. The first three (3) will be fifty minutes in length during regular class times and the fourth prelim will be the "final exam" during finals week. Prelims will be a mixture of essay and objective questions; the dates are indicated on the Tentative Lecture and Exam Schedule. Examination material will be derived from the text, handouts (outlines and ancillary reading materials), and lecture materials. Prelims will occupy a full class period. The final prelim will be a comprehensive prelim ("final exam") given during the University final exam period.
A subjective numerical that will determine 10% of the final grade will be based on prepardedness for class, participation in classroom discussions, professionalism, classroom disruption, etc.
The course grade will be determined by (and is subject to change according to your attendance record - see III. A. above):
Prelim I 22.5% Prelim III 22.5%
Prelim II 22.5% Prelim IV (FINAL) 22.5%
Subjective Evaluation 10%
The grading scale used is as follows:
A = 94 - 100 B = 84 - 86 C =74 - 76 D = 60 - 64
A- = 90 - 93 B- = 80 - 83 C- = 70 - 73 F = below 60
B+
= 87 - 90 C+ = 77 - 79 D+ = 65 - 69
6.0 Prerequisites
Biol
101 is a prerequisite. An understanding of basic biological phenomena
and principles, as they affect humans, is required for a more detailed
study of one particular organism. The human body is complex and an objective
of Biol 201 is to convey a general understanding of the theories, methods,
and applications of principles of biology taught in Biol 101. These principles
(taught in Biol 101) will be built upon and an assumption of knowledge
of these principles is necessary to achieve the goals of Biol 201.
7.0 Course level
Given
that Biol 201 requires an understanding of the principles of biology,
taught at the entry level into the biological discipline, Biol 201
is considered a "sophomore" or upper division course because it requires
some knowledge of, and exposure to, the discipline of biology. To achieve
an understanding of human anatomy and physiology, time cannot be spent
facilitating a working knowledge of principles of biology.
TENTATIVE
LECTURE AND EXAM SCHEDULE
TEXT Starr, C. (2000) Biology: A HumanEmphasis 4th Ed., Wadsworth, Belmont, CA ISBN 0-534-56324-4.
Jackson, J.D. and J.B. Taylor (2000) Study Guide and Workbook: An interactive approach.
For
Starr’s
Biology. 4th Ed. Wadsworth, Albany, NY 0-534-37270-8.
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Week
of:
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Topic
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Chapter
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Jan
29
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INTRODUCTION
– Review
Methods
and Concepts,Human Body Organization
Chemical
Basis of Life, Cells & Tissues
Homeostasis
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1
through 8
13,
28
28
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Feb.
19
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***PRELIM
I***
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Feb
5
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The
Integumentary System
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32
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Feb
12
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Musculoskeletal
System
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32
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Feb
19-26
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Nervous
System
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29
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Mar.
12
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***PRELIM
II***
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Mar
5
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Nervous
System--Neuromuscular Coordianation
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29
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Mar
19-26
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Endocrine
System & Reproduction
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37
& 38
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Apr
2
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Blood,
Cardiovascular System
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33
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Apr
9
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Blood
Pressure and Flow
Immune
System
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33
34
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Apr
16
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Respiratory
System
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35
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Apr.
6
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***PRELIM
III***
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Apr
23
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Urinary
System
Water
& Electrolyte Balance
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37
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Apr.
30
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***PRELIM
IV**
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Apr
30
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Digestive
System & Nutrition
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36
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May
7 Finals Week
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PRELIM
IV**
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